| Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition presents exercises that will enhance one's understanding of anatomy and physiology. It contains activities and experiments that will help the reader to both visualize anatomical structures and understand physiological topics. Lab exercises are designed in a way that require readers to first apply information they learned and then to critically evaluate it. | ” |
Labels: Philosophy
The subject of this study is Husserl's theory of meaning as it appears in his writings from the Logical Investigations to the Crisis of the European Sciences. It begins with a discussion of Husserl's critique of psychologism, and the theory of meaning that stems from it, and then continues with the transcendental (noematic) theory of meaning found in The Idea of Phenomenology, Ideas I and Cartesian Meditations. It continues with an interpretation of Husserl's theory of time consciousness in the context of the tradition in modern philosophy to which it belongs, represented in particular by Brentano, James and Bergson, and of its consequences for Husserl's understanding of meaning. Throughout the study, but especially in the digression on `Consciousness and Speech' and in the Afterword, the tension in Husserl's thought between two interpretative strategies, the `Cartesian' and the `Hermeneutical', is brought to the fore. The book can be read by a non-specialist reader as a general introduction to Husserl's conceptual world.
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Jorge Bonilla is hospitalized with pneumonia from sleeping at the restaurant where he works, unable to afford rent on wages of thirty cents an hour. Domestic worker Yanira Juarez discovers she has labored for six months with no wages at all; her employer lied about establishing a savings account for her. We live in an era of the sweatshop reborn.
In 1992 Jennifer Gordon founded the Workplace Project to help immigrant workers in the underground suburban economy of Long Island, New York. In a story of gritty determination and surprising hope, she weaves together Latino immigrant life and legal activism to tell the unexpected tale of how the most vulnerable workers in society came together to demand fair wages, safe working conditions, and respect from employers. Immigrant workers--many undocumented--won a series of remarkable victories, including a raise of thirty percent for day laborers and a domestic workers' bill of rights. In the process, they transformed themselves into effective political participants.
Gordon neither ignores the obstacles faced by such grassroots organizations nor underestimates their very real potential for fundamental change. This revelatory work challenges widely held beliefs about the powerlessness of immigrant workers, what a union should be, and what constitutes effective lawyering. It opens up exciting new possibilities for labor organizing, community building, participatory democracy, legal strategies, and social justice.
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Labels: Philosophy, Psychology and Behavior
Must logic come first? Are philosophical problems really logical? Must we think logically to think at all? Richard Mason's case is that too much comes before logic -- too many choices and too much history. Logic has been formed by choices made by philosophers, not just as a subject of study, but in terms of what has mattered: the problems, and the possible solutions. Before Logic contains case studies of crucial choices: on the formation of logical possibility, on truth, on the explanation of necessity, on essentialism, and on the location of logic. For readers with interests in analytical or continental philosophy or in logic, this book shows why and how history matters to logic. Logic then, cannot be the basis for metaphysics -- or an important grounding for philosophical investigations -- because too many important assumptions precede it. The difficulty this position presents is that it avoids the obvious objections of relativism. This controversial topic strikes at the heart of much post-Wittgensteinian and post-Heideggerian thought.
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Seeking to renew an ancient companionship between the philosophical and the religious, this book's meditative chapters dwell on certain elemental experiences or happenings that keep the soul alive to the enigma of the divine. William Desmond engages the philosophical work of Pascal, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Shestov, and Soloviev, among others, and pursues with a philosophical mindfulness what is most intimate in us, yet most universal: sleep, poverty, imagination, courage and witness, reverence, hatred and love, peace and war. Being religious has to do with that intimate universal, beyond arbitrary subjectivism and reductionist objectivism. In this book, he attempts to look at religion with a fresh and open mind, asking how philosophy might itself stand up to some of the questions posed to it by religion, not just how religion might stand up to the questions posed to it by philosophy. Desmond tries to pursue a new and different policy, one faithful to the light of this dialogue.
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Although Sanskrit has largely died as a language of everyday life in India, it has survived not only in India, but in the diaspora of its philosophies, everywhere in the world where Indian philosophy is studied.It has survived as 'The Language of the Gods' , magic words which can, by themselves, create states of altered conscioness, keys to open secrets.
This original work was compiled as an introduction to the the basic terms found in the major schools of classical Indian philosophy. The schools dealt with here include: Buddhism, Jainism, Carvaka, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, Vedanta (mainly but not exclusively Advaita, Visistadvaita, Dvaita), Saiva Siddhanta, Vira Saivism, Kasmir Saivism and Sivadvaita.
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Richard Joyce argues in this study that moral discourse is hopelessly flawed. At the heart of ordinary moral judgments is a notion of moral inescapability, or practical authority, which, upon investigation, cannot be reasonably defended. He asserts, moreover, that natural selection is to blame, in that it has provided us with a tendency to invest the world with values that it does not contain, and demands that it does not make. This original and innovative book will appeal to readers interested in the problems of moral philosophy.
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Labels: Philosophy
This book attempts a general definition of what it is to know that a thing is so. The book gives accounts of two fundamentally important kinds of knowledge: that based on perception and that based on memory. Regarding the justification of claims to know, it takes a fundamentalist approach.
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Labels: Philosophy
Leading figures in ancient philosophy present nineteen original papers on three key themes in the work of Richard Sorabji. The papers dealing with Metaphysics range from Democritus to Numenius on basic questions about the structure and nature of reality: necessitation, properties, and time. The section on Soul includes one paper on the individuation of souls in Plato and five papers on Aristotle's and Aristotelian theories of cognition, with a special emphasis on perception. The section devoted to Ethics concentrates upon Stoicism and the complex views the Stoics held on such topics as motivation, akrasia, oikeiosis, and the emotions. It also includes one paper on the influence of Greek ethics in Modern Philosophy. The volume also contains a fascinating 'intellectual autobiography' by Sorabji himself, and a full Bibliography of his works
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The Metaphysics of Science provides a clear, well-founded conception of modern science, according to which its core consists of particular metaphysical principles. On this view, both the empirical and the theoretical aspects of science are the result of the attempt to apply these metaphysical principles to reality. There is a flexibility in the application of the principles, however, so that, in their scientific guise, they may come to be reformed over time through scientific revolutions.
This approach to modern science provides a unified conception of the enterprise, explaining such of its various aspects as the principle of induction, the nature of scientific knowledge and scientific reduction, the fundamental difference between the natural and social sciences, and the role of essentialism with respect to natural kinds. Furthermore, it provides a resolution of the long-standing debate between empiricism and realism. In this regard, and in others, the view of science advanced in this work is not only novel, but constitutes an alternative that is superior to both the empiric-analytic and the sociology of knowledge approaches that are prevalent today.
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Labels: Philosophy
In her concise introduction to Martin Heidegger's second most important work, Contributions to Philosophy, Daniela Vallega-Neu provides guidance and structure to readers attempting to navigate this much-discussed but difficult text. Contributions reflects Heidegger's struggle to think at the edge of words and to bring to language what remains beyond the written or the spoken. In view of the centrality of Being and Time to Heidegger interpretation in recent decades, Vallega-Neu introduces Contributions first by reconsidering Being and Time in light of the transformative turn from prepositional thought to the poietic, performative character of thinking and language that marks the passage between the two works.
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Philosophy in the Islamic world emerged in the ninth century and continued to flourish into the fourteenth century. It was strongly influenced by Greek thought, but Islamic philosophers also developed an original philosophical culture of their own, which had a considerable impact on the subsequent course of Western philosophy. This volume offers new translations of philosophical writings by Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ghazali, Ibn Tufayl, and Ibn Rushd (Averroes). All of the texts presented here were very influential and invite comparison with later works in the Western tradition. They focus on metaphysics and epistemology but also contribute to broader debates concerning the conception of God, the nature of religion, the place of humanity in the universe, and the limits of human reason. A historical and philosophical introduction sets the writings in context and traces their preoccupations and their achievement.
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The sophistication and diversity of Hellenistic traditions addressing problems of language will make the study of those linguistic theories an intriguing subject to all students of the history of language theory in general. A novice in Hellenistic philosophy will also find that the study of the different schools’ concern with language and linguistic phenomena provides an excellent introduction to the doctrines of the various schools, since it sheds light on their epistemology as well as on their logical, ethical and physical presuppositions.
Labels: Philosophy
Aimed at the beginning student, it presents the ideas of the major philosophers and their schools of thought in a readable and engaging way, highlighting the central points in each contributor's doctrines and offering a lucid discussion of the next-level details that both fills out the general themes and encourages the reader to pursue the arguments still further through a detailed guide to further reading. Whether John Shand is discussing the slow separation of philosophy and theology in Augustine, Aquinas and Ockham, the rise of rationalism, British empiricism, German idealism, or the new approaches opened up by Russell, Sartre, and Wittgenstein, he combines succinct but insightful exposition with crisp critical comment.
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Labels: Philosophy
The Paradox of Enemies. Hardt's book on Deleuze can be applauded for two reasons: its careful reading of Deleuze's texts and its attempt to situate them critically among continental philosophy. Hardt is a clear writer, and his insights are often quite powerful and suggestive. However, like most writer on Deleuze his "deleuzian" reading seeks too much to reconfigure the texts (Bergson, Nietzsche,and Spinoza). Beyond Hardt's text stands the imposing shadow of Hegel -- perhaps my only hesitation with its analysis. There is a desire to find unity in difference however radical this difference might be. The key problem of scholarship on Deleuze seem to be precisely how to read him -- is the project Deleuze has laid out to reread his texts as he has reread others? How is one to be Deluezian? This said, Hardt's work is exceptional in most areas.
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The book fills a gap in the literature on Wittgenstein between brief introductions and detailed commentaries. Although necessarily selective, the doctrines and ideas chosen for detailed discussion are those which reveal the general structure of Wittgenstein's work. David Pears has taken full account of the origins of Wittgenstein's philosophy and its relation to the philosophies of his predecessors and contemporaries. But the author's main emphasis is on the internal organization of Wittgenstein's thought. Philosophy students concentrate on the details of his work but often find it difficult to see their place in the general pattern. This book presents the general and the particular within a relatively constant framework, thereby making Wittgenstein's thought more accessible to students of philosophy and to non-specialists.
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The central target of philosophy of science is to understand science as cognitive activity. Some of the central questions that have arisen and thoroughly been discussed are the following. What is the aim and method of science? What makes science a rational activity? What rules, if any, govern theory-change in science? How does evidence relate to theory? How do scientific theories relate to the world? How are concepts formed and how are they related to observation? What is the structure and content of major scientific concepts, such as causation, explanation, laws of nature, confirmation, theory, experiment, model, reduction and so on?
This dictionary is an attempt to offer some guidance to all those who want to acquaint themselves with some major ideas in the philosophy of science. Here you will get: concepts, debates, arguments, positions, movements and schools of thought, glimpses on the views and contribution of important thinkers.
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Labels: Philosophy
Philosophy A-Z Series
General Editor: Oliver Leaman, University of Kentucky
These thorough, authoritative yet concise alphabetical guides introduce the central concepts of the various branches of philosophy. Written by established philosophers, they cover both traditional and contemporary terminology.
Features
*Dedicated coverage of particular topics within philosophy
*Coverage of key terms and major figures
*Cross-references to related terms
Philosophy of Science A-Z
Stathis Psillos
An alphabetically arranged guide to the philosophy of science.
While philosophy of science has always been an integral part of philosophy, since the beginning of the twentieth century it has developed its own structure and its fair share of technical vocabulary and problems.
Philosophy of Science A-Z gives concise, accurate and illuminating accounts of key positions, concepts, arguments and figures in the philosophy of science. It aids understanding of current debates, explains their historical development and connects them with broader philosophical issues. It presupposes little prior knowledge of philosophy of science and is equally useful to the beginner, the more advanced student and the general reader. Readers will find in it illuminating explanations, careful analysis, relevant examples, open problems and, last but not least, precise arguments. Philosophy of science is a flourishing discipline and Philosophy of Science A to Z is a practical and imaginative way into and through it.
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Besides buildings and monuments from an earlier time, a walk in Vor Frue Plads, the cathedral square of the city of Copenhagen, presents to the careful observer an interesting contrast between religion and science. Outside the old university building can be seen a bust of physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962), famous for his work in atomic physics and not least for his use of the idea of“complementarity” to deal with the fact that matter and radiation can be viewed as waves and particles. Under his bust is carved the Yin Yang symbol from Taoism, which Bohr used to indicate what he saw as the union of the two conflicting positions.
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Labels: Philosophy
Rationality has long been a central topic in philosophy, crossing standard divisions and categories. It continues to attract much attention in published research and teaching by philosophers as well as scholars in other disciplines, including economics, psychology, and law. The Oxford Handbook of Rationality is an indispensable reference to the current state of play in this vital and interdisciplinary area of study. Twenty-two newly commissioned chapters by a roster of distinguished philosophers provide an overview of the prominent views on rationality, with each author also developing a unique and distinctive argument.
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